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The primary function of transformers in an x-ray machine is to change voltage levels for optimal function. In x-ray systems, high voltage is essential to accelerate electrons towards the target material, which leads to the production of x-rays. Transformers are utilized to step up the voltage from a lower level to a much higher level that is conducive for x-ray production.

Using transformers ensures that the x-ray machine can operate at the necessary voltage for generating the required intensity of x-rays while maintaining efficiency and safety. This is critical for achieving the desired image quality on radiographs and ensuring proper diagnostic capabilities.

While generating heat is an inevitable byproduct of electrical systems, it is not the primary function of transformers. Additionally, while filtration is a component of x-ray systems to reduce unnecessary radiation exposure, it is achieved through different mechanisms, not via transformers. Enhancing electron density is not relevant in the context of transformer function; instead, electron density is affected by the target material and the quantity of electrons produced, not the voltage changes provided by transformers.